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M squared : ウィキペディア英語版
M squared
In laser science, the parameter M², also known as the beam quality factor, is a quantity that represents the degree of variation of a beam from an ideal Gaussian beam at the same wavelength. It is calculated from the ratio of the beam parameter product (BPP) of the beam to the BPP of a Gaussian beam.
==Comparison to Gaussian beams==
M² is a better guide to beam quality than Gaussian appearance, however, since there are many cases in which the beam can ''look'' Gaussian, yet have an M² value far from unity.〔 Tutorial presentation at the Optical Society of America Annual Meeting, Long Beach, California〕 Likewise, a beam intensity profile can appear very "un-Gaussian", yet have an M² value close to unity. For a single mode TEM00 Gaussian laser beam, M² is exactly one.
The value of M² can be determined by measuring D4σ or "second moment" width. Unlike the beam parameter product, M² is unitless and does not vary with wavelength.

抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)
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